Scientists pinpoint single protein driving age-related memory loss

A new study from the University of California, San Francisco, has identified a single protein that may drive age-related cognitive decline and, in a breakthrough finding, suggests that reversing the damage could be possible.

Researchers focused on the hippocampus, the brain region responsible for learning and memory, and discovered that older mice had significantly higher levels of a protein called FTL1 compared with younger mice.

To test its effects, scientists artificially increased FTL1 levels in young mice.

Their brains began to show signs of aging, including weakened neuronal connections and reduced communication between brain cells.

When the protein was reduced in older mice, the results were dramatic: neuronal connections improved and memory performance increased.

Treated mice scored “significantly better” on memory tests, the researchers said.

“It is truly a reversal of impairments,” said Saul Villeda, the study’s senior author. “It’s much more than merely delaying or preventing symptoms.”

The study also found that FTL1 disrupts energy production in brain cells, gradually weakening connections between neurons.

By targeting the protein, researchers hope to restore these connections and mitigate cognitive decline.

“We’re seeing more opportunities to alleviate the worst consequences of old age,” Villeda said. “It’s a hopeful time to be working on the biology of aging.”