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Canada reports alarming rise in rare but deadly disease
A rare but deadly infection is rising again, with cases reaching a decade-high in Canada
Cases of Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD), a rare but potentially fatal bacterial infection, have climbed to their highest levels in more than a decade across Canada, prompting renewed concern among public health officials.
Recent national data show a sharp upward trend in infections following years of decline.
Reported cases rose from 48 in 2021 to 74 in 2022, before nearing 100 in 2023.
The surge continued with at least 132 cases recorded in 2024 and approximately 155 in 2025, the highest figures seen since 2012.
Health experts warn that the disease, caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, can progress rapidly and lead to life-threatening complications, including meningitis, bloodstream infections and organ failure.
Symptoms often begin suddenly and may include high fever, severe headache, stiff neck, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light, signs that require immediate medical attention.
While IMD is considered rare, it carries a fatality rate of around 14%. Among survivors, up to 20% may experience long-term complications such as hearing loss, neurological damage or limb amputations.
Young children and infants are particularly vulnerable, facing a significantly higher risk of severe outcomes.
After widespread vaccination campaigns in the early 2000s led to a steep decline in cases further reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, health officials now attribute the recent resurgence in part to falling immunization rates in the post-pandemic period.
The spread of the disease remains difficult to predict, as different bacterial strains circulate unevenly across regions.
Authorities in Manitoba have reported a notable cluster of cases linked to a specific strain affecting younger populations.
Experts emphasize that vaccination remains the most effective defense against IMD and are urging renewed awareness efforts, particularly among parents and high-risk groups.
Medical professionals also highlight the importance of early diagnosis and treatment, noting that delays can significantly increase the risk of severe complications or death.
