Did you know? Women are three times more likely to develop multiple sclerosis

A groundbreaking study from the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus has identified potential clues regarding why multiple sclerosis (MS) affects women more frequently than men.

Of the 2.9 million people living with MS globally, approximately three-quarters are female. Researchers highlighted preliminary findings from an analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), identifying over 100 proteins that differ significantly in women with MS compared to those without the condition.

Key protein findings in MS patients

The analysis revealed specific changes in the protein mix surrounding the central nervous system:

• 72 proteins were noticeably more abundant in women with MS.
• 46 proteins were noticeably less abundant in the MS group.
• Elevated proteins were associated with immune cell activity, specifically microglia and macrophages.
• Reduced proteins were linked to neurogenesis and the repair of existing neurons.

The role of hormones and SHBG

Experts suggest that hormonal shifts in women aged 30 to 40 contribute to the threefold increase in diagnosis rates:

• Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) was found to be elevated in MS patients.
• Excess SHBG may "soak up" estrogen and testosterone, leaving less available for tissue health.
• Hormones are believed to influence immune activity within the brain.

Endocrinologist Kimberley Bruce noted, "Many neurological and neurodegenerative diseases show sex differences."

She explained that "we can probably learn a lot about the underlying mechanisms driving these diseases, if we understand sex differences in more detail."

This research, published in IBRO Neuroscience Report, provides a preliminary set of findings that could eventually lead to personalised therapies targeting the varied factors contributing to MS risk.

Please Note: This information is for educational purposes only and does not count as professional advice. Readers should always consult a qualified doctor regarding any questions about their health or a medical condition.