How much coffee is healthy? Get to know
New review links moderate coffee drinking to better heart health
American Heart Association (AHA) revealed most healthy adults can safely consume up to 400 milligrams of caffeine a day—roughly three to five cups of black coffee—with growing evidence suggesting moderate coffee intake may support heart health and reduce the risk of several chronic diseases.
The findings come from a new scientific statement published in the journal Circulation, which reviewed existing research on caffeine's effects on blood pressure, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Moderate coffee intake linked to heart health benefits
After analysing evidence from multiple studies, researchers concluded that moderate coffee consumption is generally safe for most adults and is associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, hypertension and type 2 diabetes.
The review found that coffee drinkers consuming around two to five cups daily often experienced better cardiovascular outcomes than those who did not drink coffee.
Coffee may help reduce diabetes and stroke risk
Several studies reviewed by the AHA linked habitual coffee consumption with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes.
One study found women who drank at least three cups a day had a 27% lower risk of developing the condition, while another associated five cups daily with a 30% reduction.
Researchers also found that drinking three to four cups of coffee per day was associated with a 21% lower risk of stroke.
Not all caffeinated drinks offer the same benefits
The AHA emphasised that the source of caffeine matters.
Unlike coffee and tea, which contain beneficial antioxidants and plant compounds, energy drinks often include excessive caffeine, added sugar and other ingredients that may raise blood pressure and increase health risks.
Researchers also warned that adding large amounts of sugar, flavoured syrups or cream to coffee could reduce its potential health benefits.
Moderation remains key
While moderate coffee consumption appears safe for most adults, the researchers noted that caffeine can temporarily raise blood pressure in people with hypertension and that individual responses vary.
The AHA said more research is needed to separate the effects of caffeine from other compounds naturally found in coffee and to better understand how coffee affects people with existing health conditions.
