Can sunscreen pills prevent sun damage? Here's what experts say

Some supplements claim to protect your skin from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays, but dermatologists say they should never replace traditional sunscreen. While certain ingredients may provide extra support against sun damage, experts stress that topical sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 remains the most effective way to protect your skin.

Some ingredients may offer added UV protection

Many so-called "oral sunscreen" supplements contain Polypodium leucotomos extract (PLE), a fern native to Central and South America. According to dermatologists, these products may also include ingredients such as:

• Nicotinamide (a form of vitamin B3)
• Lycopene
• Astaxanthin
• Vitamins, minerals and plant-based antioxidants

Experts say PLE is the ingredient with the strongest research backing its potential sun-protective effects.

What research says about oral sunscreen supplements

Studies suggest PLE has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce damage caused by UV exposure by neutralising free radicals.

One small 2015 study found that people who took PLE supplements for 60 days experienced fewer sunburns than those who received a placebo.

However, dermatologists caution that existing research is limited. Many studies have involved small groups of participants, while others were conducted on animals or in laboratory settings.

Supplements are not a replacement for sunscreen

Despite their potential benefits, experts emphasise that oral supplements do not provide enough protection against UV radiation on their own.

Dermatologists warn that calling these products "oral sunscreen" can be misleading because it may encourage people to skip proven sun-protection measures.

The American Academy of Dermatology recommends using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher, regardless of whether someone takes photoprotective supplements.

Who should be cautious?

Doctors recommend speaking with a healthcare provider before using these supplements, particularly if you:

• Are pregnant or breastfeeding
• Have a fern allergy
• Take immune-modulating medications
• Have underlying medical conditions

Because these products are sold as dietary supplements, they are not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for safety or effectiveness before reaching the market.

Bottom line

Experts say some ingredients in oral supplements may provide additional support against sun damage, but they cannot replace sunscreen. For the best protection, continue applying SPF 30 or higher, wear protective clothing and limit excessive sun exposure.