How to distinguish between pigmentation and structural volume loss under eyes

Dark circles are a prevalent skin condition often incorrectly dismissed as mere symptoms of exhaustion. Hyderabad-based dermatologist Dr Praneeta Jain shared on X on Saturday that effective treatment depends entirely on identifying the specific cause.

She noted that using under-eye creams without a proper assessment is often "useless." The six primary types include:

• Type 1: Pigmentation-based (Brown/Melanin deposition)
• Type 2: Structural/Volume-related (Shadows from hollows or "tear troughs")
• Type 3: Pigmentary demarcation lines (Sharp boundaries common in Indian skin)
• Type 4: Skin laxity and fine lines (Crepey skin creating folds)
• Type 5: The combination (A mix of pigmentation, vascularity, and structure)
• Type 6: Vascular (Bluish/Purplish tint from visible blood vessels)

Common triggers for dark circles

Several systemic issues can exacerbate these appearances regardless of skin type. Dr Jain identified iron deficiency anaemia, chronic allergies, and thyroid dysfunction as major contributors.

Dehydration and chronic sleep deprivation also play significant roles. Before commencing any aesthetic treatment, the dermatologist suggested getting haemoglobin, ferritin, and thyroid levels tested to rule out underlying health complications.

What helps and what does not

Treatment must be tailored to the specific type. For pigmentation, sunscreens and vitamin C are beneficial, whereas structural hollows require tear trough fillers rather than creams.

Vascular issues may respond to caffeine-containing products in the short term. Dr Jain emphasised that "No cream will help if the problem is genetic," urging patients to seek a professional assessment to identify which component is dominant.

By addressing the root cause, individuals can avoid wasting resources on ineffective brightening serums.

"Please Note: This information is for educational purposes only and does not count as medical advice. Readers should always consult a qualified doctor regarding any questions about their health or a medical condition."